To Prognosticate the Final Outcome in a Traumatic Brain Injury Patient based on their Electrolyte Changes

Abstract

Dyselectrolytemia is very common in head injuries patients and it is likely due to abnormality in serum
sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, chloride. Serum Sodium is the most common and important
electrolyte abnormality among these electrolytes. Proper management of dyselectrolytemia in such patient
following a head injury is most important . Proper in time detection followed by appropriate treatment
not only improves neurological status but also decrease morbidity and mortality. Aims & Objective : To
prognosticate the final out come in a traumatic brain injury patient based on there electrolyte changes.
Material & Method : A Hospital based Prospective type Cross Sectional Study . The study was conducted
over a period of 18 month In our institute. This study includes all Traumatic Brain Injury patients without
poly trauma who were admitted through Emergency as well as OPD . This study exclude patients with any
co morbidity like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid derangement and poly trauma etc. Observation
& Results : We observed significant difference of sodium, potassium, and chloride levels following TBI
recorded at the time of admission, 24 hours, after 4 days, 8 days, 12 days and 16 days . There was positive
correlation of hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, with outcome of the patient. Conclusion : we
concluded that electrolyte imbalance following traumatic head injury is an important cause to look for
in patient monitoring. Sodium potassium and chloride chief electrolyte of concern. Serum calcium and
Phosphate levels also under goes notable changes.