Potential Therapy from Punica granatum Peel Extract for the Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Design, Formulation and Characterisation of a Mucoadhesive Patch

Abstract

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammation that occurs in oral mucosa. Etiology of RAS may
be caused by several factors involving systemic conditions, local, microbes (Candida albicans), moniliasis,
hygiene and genetics. Several studies has shown that pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel serves to
inhibit Candida albicans, antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and
antifungal Aspergillus niger, which is common microorganisms involved in dental and oral problems. This
study aims to formulate a pomegranate peel extracts (PPE) mucoadhesive patch and test its effectiveness in
healing sores. PPE obtained from the maceration method. Polyvinylpyrrolidone patch formulations, chitosan
and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) using a ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 weight/volume. Patch tested
his physical characteristics, including weight uniformity, uniformity of dimension, thickness, surface pH,
swelling and adhesion test, and in vivo test. The F8 formulation of PPE 10% with the addition of HPMC,
tween, and glycerin have a fairly elastic properties. Even though experiment of physical evaluation produce
uniformity of same weights and dimensions, pH 6.63, an average of swelling percentage 40.69% ± 16.37%
and an average of stickness 13.50 ± 11.6 seconds. In vivo test show that formulation of PPE 10% has the
same effectivity in reducing the diameter of the mouth ulcers with the positive control group.