Development and assessment offluorinated grapheme nanoparticles modified dental adhesives

Abstract

Background: The success of adhesion to the tooth structure plays an important role in the dental restoration,
which can effectively avoid the terrible clinical problems during the bonding process, including the secondary
caries and the loading of adhesive compositions with fillers and nanoparticles with antibacterial properties
has led to a significant reinforcement effect of the adhesive.
Objective: The current study is designed to investigate the effects of addition of 2% of fluorinated graphene
on the adhesive-dentin hybrid layer for two types of commercially available universal adhesive, guided
using the etch and rinse technique as a bonding procedure.
Method: Forty extracted premolar teeth will be divided into four groups of ten teeth. Group I: the nonincorporated (Prime & Bond Universal) bonding agent (Control group). Group II:using the 2% FG
nanoparticles incorporated (Prime & Bond Universal) bonding agent. Group III: non-incorporated (All
Bond Universal) bonding agent (Control group). Group IV: using the incorporated (All Bond Universal)
bonding agent. The degree of conversion was also measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR). The antibacterial activity of the adhesives was evaluated using agar diffusion test against the
following bacteria: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus salivarius obtained from saliva.
Results: A significantly greater antibacterial activity was obtained with adhesives containing a 2% fluorinated
grap hene nanoparticles than other groups (P<.01). Degree of conversion of tested adhesives was not change
significantly after addition of 2% of fluorinated grap hene nanoparticles.
Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of adhesives that incorporated with 2% of fluorinated graphene
nanoparticles was higher than the non-incorporated etch- and rinse adhesive systems. The degree of
conversion of adhesives was not significantly different.