International Journal of Physiology is a double blind peer reviewed indexed international journal which has commenced its publication from January 2013. The journal it is half yearly in frequency. The journal covers all aspects of physiology. The journal has been assigned ISSN 2320-6039 (Print Version) and ISSN 2320-608X (Online Version). The journal is covered by Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scilit,EMBASE, EBSCOhost (USA). This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
Copyright Ownership: Authors retain copyright ownership of their work after publication in IJOP. However, they grant the journal an exclusive Creative Commons license. Creative Commons License: The authors grant IJOP the right to exclusively apply a Creative Commons license to their work upon publication. This license permits use, distribution, and reproduction of the work in any medium, provided that the original work and its source are properly cited. The specific license applied is Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows for attribution, non-commercial use, and derivative works. Editorial Research: Authors grant the journal the right to analyze information obtained from submitted manuscripts for editorial research purposes. This analysis aims to improve the peer-review process, teaching, and training activities. Warranties: Authors warrant that their work is original, contains no libelous statements, is lawful, and does not infringe upon any copyright, trademark, patent, or proprietary rights of others. Authors agree to indemnify the editors against any costs, expenses, and damages arising from any breach of this warranty. Views and Opinions: The views and opinions expressed in the article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the journal.
Metabolic Therapy as an Adjunct to Conventional Cancer Treatment:A Targeted Approach
Context: Metabolic therapy encompasses a range of strategies that involve the utilization of metabolic inhibitors, dietary interventions, and natural compounds that modulate metabolic regulators. These methodologies exhibit promising outcomes in preclinical models and early-phase clinical trials for cancer treatment. Objectives: To elucidate how metabolic therapy disrupts energy production in neoplastic cells while protecting normal cells. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing scientific databases. Results: Metabolic therapy targets cancer cells’ energy pathways with inhibitors like metformin and dichloroacetate, disrupting growth without harming normal cells. Dietary strategies, including the ketogenic diet, starve cancer cells and promote fat consumption. Natural compounds like curcumin and resveratrol regulate metabolic processes in cancer cells, potentially slowing tumor growth. Discussion: Clinical trials have demonstrated encouraging outcomes with the implementation of metabolic therapies. Conclusion: Strategic exploitation of metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells offers a promising avenue for effective therapeutic interventions in the battle against cancer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Madhu Bala, Jyoti Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Traffic-Related Carbon Monoxide Exposure, Carboxyhaemoglobin Levels,and Arterial Stiffness among Public Transport Workers in Dakar, Senegal:A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: Air pollution is a major public health concern, particularly in rapidly urbanizing African cities where vehicular traffic dominates. Road transport workers are at risk of chronic carbon monoxide (CO) exposure, but data on its health effects are limited. This study assessed CO exposure, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) levels, and their association with subclinical symptoms and arterial stiffness among public transport workers in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 76 publics transports workers. Sociodemographic, occupational, and smoking data were collected via questionnaire. Exhaled CO and HbCO levels were measured, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed. Logistic and linear regression analyses evaluated associations between HbCO and respiratory symptoms or PWV, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, and employment duration. Results: Participants were predominantly male, mean age 35.2 ± 8.3 years, BMI 24.8 ± 3.1 kg/m², working 16 ± 1.5 hours/day and 6.2 ± 0.8 days/week; 11.8% were current smokers. Mean exhaled CO was 3.72 ± 3.21 ppm, and mean HbCO was 1.26 ± 0.53%, with 26% exceeding 1.5%. HbCO strongly correlated with exhaled CO (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Neurological (headache 23.7%) and musculoskeletal (back pain 21.1%) complaints were common. Respiratory symptoms occurred in 19.7% of participants, with higher prevalence in those with HbCO >1.5% (27% vs 8%, p = 0.003). PWV averaged 12.03 ± 14.0 m/s; participants with HbCO >1.5% had significantly higher PWV, and linear regression showed a positive association between HbCO and PWV (β = 0.29, 95% CI 0.02–0.56, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Public transport workers in Dakar experience chronic CO exposure. Elevated HbCO was associated with increased respiratory symptoms and arterial stiffness, suggesting early subclinical cardiovascular and respiratory effects. These findings highlight the need for occupational health interventions and further research on air pollution impacts in sub-Saharan Africa.
air pollution, carbon monoxide, carboxyhaemoglobin, cardiorespiratory function, occupational exposure, Dakar
Copyright (c) 2026 Mor DIAW, Afi Dina Georgette ABOTCHI, Robert FAOMOWE FOKO, Robert FAOMOWE FOKO, Abdou Khadir SOW, Salimata H. DIAGNE, Maimouna TOURE, Aissatou SECK, Absa LAM, Abdoulaye BA, Mamadou FALL, Mathilde CABRAL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by Adansonia digitata L. : Possible involvement of NO and EDH in porcine coronary arteries.
INTRODUCTION: Adansonia digitata leaves are used in the traditional treatment of arterial hypertension in Senegal. The objective of this study was to determine the vasorelaxant effect of the hydro-ethanol leaf extract of Adansonia digitata (ADF) on porcine coronary arteries and to elucidate the mechanisms involved MATERIAL AND METHODS : Porcine coronary arteries were suspended in organ chambers for the recording of changes in isometric forces. Rings with intact endothelium were incubated with or without various inhibitors. L-nitro-arginin (L-NA), an inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase; Mn (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP); Polyethylene glycol catalase (PEG-CAT); N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), inhibitors of intracellular production of reactive oxygen species; Catalase (CAT), an inhibitor of extracellular reactive oxygen species; Wortmannin, an inhibitor of the redox-sensitive pathway PI3 kinase/Akt; PP2 (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), an inhibitor of Src kinase; apamin (APA), an inhibitor of small conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels (SKCa); and Tram-34, an inhibitor of intermediate conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels (IKCa); and indomethacin (INDO), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, were applied before contraction with U46619 and the generation of a concentration-relaxation curve to ADF. In some experiments, the endothelium was removed before contraction with U46619 and the generation of a concentration-relaxation curve to ADF. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and eNOS were assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: ADF produced 100% relaxation at 10 µg/ml in endothelium intact arteries pre-contracted with U46619. ADF induces a redox-sensitive endothelium-dependent relaxation in porcine coronary arteries. This effects is mediated by NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing (EDH) whereas prostacyclins do not appear to play a role in the vascular effects. However, ADF induced sustaining phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Adansonia digitata induces vasodilation, which may explain its antihypertensive effect and its use in traditional African medicine.
Adansonia digitata, vasorelaxant, porcine coronary.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sene Mbaye, Diouf Ibrahima, Ba Awa, Ba Fatoumata, Diaw Ndeye Absatou, Senghor Bounama, Kane ModouOumy, Sarr Mamadou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of Cardiac Autonomic Control in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: Findings from a Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most dreaded complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with DN have a high risk of early mortality and is associated with increased mortality when associated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). The aim of this study was to assess cardiac autonomic control in patients with DN. Methods: A cross-sectional study were conducted in 50 (17 females) outpatients with DN. Cardiac autonomic control was assessed by a monitoring of cardiac activity at supine and standing positions by a Holter EKG. RR interval data were exported in Kubios HRV Standard Software and 5 minute segments were read. HRV were classify according Sammito et al. and cardiac autonomic neuropathy were diagnosed by criteria of Bellavere et al. Results: Parasympathetic nervous system parameters were in 22, 20 and 21 patients at supine position. Sympathovagal balance was also low in thirty-one patients. At the transition to orthostatic position only parasympathetic parameters such as pNN50 and HF.nu. were reduced significantly. CAN was diagnosed in thirty patients and majority of them were at the severe form (p < 0.0001) and arterial baroreflex was altered in seventeen patients. Conclusion: Cardiac autonomic control was altered in majority of patient with diabetic nephropathy.
Copyright (c) 2026 SOW Abdou Khadir, MBENGUE M, IRANKUNDA R, DIAW M, SAMB A, NIANG A, BA A https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Comparative Study and Correlation of Pulmonary Function Testsbetween Granite Quarry Workers and Healthy Residents in Proximity to Quarries
Background: Quarrying is the process by which rock, sand, gravel, or other minerals from the earth are removed to produce materials for construction work and other uses. During the process of quarrying, large amounts of dust particles of heavy metals, silica, and organic solvents are emitted from the earth’s .Kuppam region of Andhra Pradesh is famous for the green coloured granite stone which has global demand, which is specifically found in the kuppam and surrounding villages, hence number of Quarries are more and causing respiratory diseases of local quarry workers. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of physiology with total of 50 Quarry workers for more than or equal to 5 years duration of working, both gender is randomly selected between 25-55 years of age. 50 Apparently normal healthy individuals of both genders were chosen from 5 km away from the quarry area as the control group. Ethical approval for the study protocol was obtained from Institutional Ethical Clearance committee (IECC). After inclusion & exclusion criteria, lung function tests were done in quarry and the normal healthy subjects. Results: There is a statistically significant change in FEV1, FVC & PEFR among quarry workers. Positive correlation of parameters with number of years of exposure to quarry work and with distance from the quarry site. PEFR has shown negative correlation with the distance from the quarry sites. Conclusions: Not only quarry workers but also nearby residing population are also at the risk of deterioration of lung function tests.
Lung function tests, Granite quarrying, Silicosis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jayalakshmi, Margaret Mary, Caroline Priyadarshini, S.S. Vinay Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antisickling Effect of Ficus vallis-choudae: A Potential Inhibitor of ErythrocyteMorphological Alterations in Sickle Cell Disease
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a hydroethanolic extract of Ficus vallis-choudae (EFFV) leaves can prevent the sickling of red blood cells in individuals with sickle cell carriers(AS) and homozygous sickle cells (SS). Material and Methods: Ten grammes of Ficus vallis-choudae leaf powder were macerated in 100 ml of a 60% hydroethanolic solution. After filtration, the macerate was subjected to rotary evaporation until a dry crude extract was obtained. This dry extract was reconstituted in water to prepare two solutions with concentrations of 5 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml. Emmel tests were performed following incubation of the extract solutions with blood from individuals with the AS sickle cell trait, SS homozygous sickle cell disease, and normal AA controls. The percentage of sickled cells was determined using optical microscopy. Results: The hydroethanolic extract of Ficus vallis-choudae (EFFV) significantly reduces sickle cell formation in both AS and SS individuals. This antisickling effect is dose-dependent. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the hydroethanolic crude extract of Ficus vallis-choudae (EFFV) could have beneficial effects in the context of sickle cell disease. These findings offer promising prospects for the development of cost-effective treatments for this condition.
Sickle cell disease, Antisickling, Ficus vallis-choudae
Copyright (c) 2025 Mbaye SENE, Ibrahima Diouf, Awa BA, Diop Doudou, Niasse Rokhy, Ba Fatoumata, Diaw Ndeye Absatou, Kane Modou Oumy, Sarr Mamadou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect Study of Prolactin on Married and Single Women and the Dangers of High and Low Prolactin
This study was conducted in a hospital in the city of Tikrit from the first of December 2023 to the first of March 2024. The aim is to study the difference between the high and low concentrations of milk hormone in single and married women and to identify the dangers and benefits of high and low levels of this hormone, as samples were taken from both cases and at different ages and treated with (prolactin kit) from Accu Bind, and the level of milk hormone was measured. The results of the samples of married women suffering from high levels of milk hormone were the first group, and the mean of their ages was 33 years, and the arithmetic mean of the percentage of milk hormone in the blood of the samples was 24. As for the results of the samples of single women suffering from low levels of milk hormone, the mean age of the subjects was 30 years, and the arithmetic mean of the milk hormone ratio in the blood of the samples was 25.47, and the increase in milk hormone levels leads to many of the symptoms that appeared in the studied samples, including Delayed menstruation, the appearance of milk discharge in non-breastfeeding or single women, as well as a marked increase in the appearance of hair in the body areas in general. It was observed significances differences in patients from single women suffering from low milk hormone in the presence of an increase in the hormone dopamine, which is the hormone responsible for reducing the level of milk hormone, which is the result of a disorder in the pituitary gland due to some incorrectly prescribed medications, especially in cases of severe headaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Subjective Assessment of Sleep Quality, Prevalence and Determinants of Sleep Disorders among Students in Health Science in Burkina Faso, Sub-Saharan Africa
Background: Sleep is crucial for both mental and physical well-being of the general population. Various factors can influence sleep quality and induce sleep disorders in students, a population that is insufficiently studied in the context of Burkina Faso. Objective: To assess sleep quality and determine the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disorders among students at the “Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé” (INSSA) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Method: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study among INSSA students during from 11th April to 30th July 2023. Self-completed questionnaires based on the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the sleep diary and the Epworth sleepiness scale were used. Results: A total of 406 students with a mean age of 21.9±1.7 years and a sex ratio of 1.05 were included. Sleep quality was poor (PSQI score >5) in 79.80% of the students, 50.49% had sleep disorders: insomnia (35.96%), daytime sleepiness (17.98%), obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndromes (5.42%). The main determinants of these sleep disorders were age<22 years, female gender, BMI>25 kg/m2, telephone and reading at bedtime, coffee, tea, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and nocturnal disturbance (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of poor quality sleep and sleep disorders is high among health sciences students, with many factors associated with sleep disorders.
: Sleep disorders, sleep quality, prevalence, students, determining factors.
Physiology Teaching-Learning Methodology-1st Yr MBBS Student’s Perspective at Government Medical College
Background: Medical Physiology is a fundamental component of the undergraduate medical curriculum, essential for developing a deep understanding of clinical practice. Traditionally, medical education has relied on teacher-centered approaches; however, recent trends emphasize student-centered methods such as active learning. This study investigates the perceptions of first-year MBBS students at Mysore Medical College and Research Institute regarding various teaching-learning methodologies and their effectiveness. Objectives: This study aims to identify preferred and least preferred teaching-learning approaches among first-year MBBS students and to explore the qualities of teachers that most influence student learning. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The study was carried out from October 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, with 108 out of 150 students participating. The questionnaire, validated through a pilot study, was analyzed using MS Excel to determine preferences in teaching methods, aids, and teacher qualities. Results: The study found that practical classes were the most favored teaching method (60%), while conventional didactic lectures were the least preferred (10%). Early clinical exposure classes (25%) and small group discussions (15%) were also positively received. Among teaching aids, a combination of blackboard and PowerPoint presentations (53%) was preferred, followed by video demonstrations (22%). Case-based lectures (48%) were identified as the most effective method for active recall, with quizzes (20%) and role plays (16%) also favored. The ideal lecture duration was 45 minutes (60%). The most valued teacher qualities were the ability to simplify concepts (73%) Conclusion: The study indicates a strong preference for active learning methods such as practical classes and early clinical exposure over traditional lectures. Effective teaching strategies should incorporate a blend of modern aids and interactive approaches to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Additionally, teachers who simplify complex concepts and possess deep subject knowledge are highly valued by students.
Teaching-Learning Methodology, Active Learning, First-Year MBBS Students, Teaching Aids, Early Clinical Exposure, Case-Based Learning.
Heart Rate Recovery after a 6-minute Walk test in Patients with Lower Extremity Artery Disease in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa
Background: Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a measure of fitness and an indication of cardiac health. The decrease in heart rate occurring immediately after exercise is caused by increased vagal activity and sympathetic withdrawal occurring after exercise. Objective: Our aim was to study the relationship between of the clinical severity of the lower limb artery disease (Fontaine classification) assessed during a 6-minute walking test and the decrease in heart rate (HR) from maximal exercise HR at 1-minute post-exercise (HRR1). Material and method: We studied patients were enrolled from January to December 2021 and screened in the vascular function exploration unit of the Souro SANOU University Hospitalof Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa. Results: A total of 98 patients were included with a mean age of 53.6 ± 11.2 years, predominantly female (60.2%). The mean values were:0.834 ± 0.16 for ABI, 77± 11 bpm for resting HR, 108 ± 14bpm for end-exercise HR, 15bpm ± 8bpm for HRR1, 296± 95 m for maximum walking distance. Among the groups of the Fontaine classification, group IV walked the least (224±115m) and had the smallest HRR1 (11±8 bpm). Conclusion: Our study showed a significant relationship between HRR1 after a 6-minute walk test and the severity of lower limb ischemia. This could potentially lead to better peripheral arterial disease management strategies based on post-exercise cardiac recovery.
Heart rate, 6-minute walk test, heart rate recovery, ischemia.
Systematic Review on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) among Prediabetics Aged 45-60 Years
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an established non-invasive marker used to assess autonomic nervous system (ANS) function. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of HRV as an early indicator of metabolic dysfunction in prediabetes, particularly for middle-aged individuals. The early age detection will help in early treatment and prevention of dysautonomia like neuropathy, retinopathy. Early diagnosis of dysautonomia can potentially lead to a better prognosis and quality of life. This systematic review aims to highlight the current researches on HRV in prediabetic populations aged 45–60 years, exploring the relationship between reduced HRV and early cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Studies employing traditional HRV measures are used to identify the predictive value of HRV in prediabetes and the progression to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in middle aged individuals using PRISMA guidelines with two independent reviewers assessing the quality of included studies. The studies have shown a high corelation between heart rate variability (HRV) and prediabetes among individuals aged 45-60 years (middle aged).HRV could be used as a predictor of dysautonomia in prediabetic individuals for progression of diabetes (T2DM)
“HRV,” “prediabetes,” “autonomic dysfunction,” “middle-aged.” “Time-domain HRV”, “Frequency domain HRV”, “Dysautonimia”, “T2DM
The Methanolic Fraction of Combretum Glutinosum bark extract(MSCG01) Induces Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation Through NitricOxide (No) Involvement in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Background: The bark of Combretum glutinosum Perr. (Combretaceae) is traditionally used in the treatment of arterial high blood pressure in Senegal. The aim of this study was to determine the vasorelaxant effect of a methanolic fraction of Combretum glutinosum bark extract (MSCG01) on isolated porcine coronary arteries and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods: Rings of porcine coronary arteries were suspended in organ chambers to record changes in isometric tension. Rings with intact endothelium were incubated in the presence or absence of various inhibitors, including L-nitro-arginine (L-NA), an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), UCL, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent small conductance potassium channels (SKCa), and Tram-34, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent intermediate conductance potassium channels (IKCa). Indomethacin (INDO), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases, was also used. Thirty minutes after incubation with an inhibitor, the rings were contracted with U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimetic, and subsequently relaxed with increasing concentrations of MSCG01. In some experiments, the endothelium was removed before contraction with U46619 and relaxation with MSCG01. Results: MSCG01 induces 100% relaxation at 10 µg/ml in endothelium-intact artery rings pre-contracted with U46619. The MSCG01-induced an endothelium-dependent relaxation mediated by nitric oxide (NO), but not by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDH) or prostanoids. Conclusions: Combretum glutinosum induces vasodilation which may contribute to explain its antihypertensive effect and its use in traditional African medicine.
Combretum glutinosum, vasorelaxant effects, porcine coronary
Copyright (c) 2025 Sene M, Ndiaye M, Diouf I, BA A, Kane MO, Sarr M, Scini-Kerth V, Sene M https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Alteration of Thyroid Function Tests and Evaluation of Serum Zinc, IgG and IgM Levels in non-hospitalized Iraqi Patients with Corona Virus
Background:SARS-CoV-2 is a novel corona virus that would be responsible for COVID-19 infection and has provoked a worldwide epidemic. Objective: To investigate alteration of thyroid function tests and evaluation of serum zinc, IgG and IgM levels in Iraqi patients with corona virus.Methods:A total of 166 sera, 83 from non-hospitalized asymptomatic patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (aged 17–78 years) and 83(aged 18–70 years) from negative healthy individuals, were evaluated for thyroid hormones T 3 ,T 4 and TSH, trace element of zinc, IgM and IgG antibodies.Results: recent study described non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients who developed argumentative results related to thyroid function test, signs of hypozincemia, disturbances in IgG, and IgM levels were started in some of them as compared with healthy group. Conclusion:current study discovered that non-hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 can develop a non-critical state of thyroid function.
Keywords:Corona Virus, zinc, thyroid function tests, IgG, IgM.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of Body Composition in Senegalese Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease
Background: Body composition could increase morbi-mortality occurrence risk of patients with chronic respiratory disease (CRD). In low income countries, this relation was less studied. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the body composition in patients with CRD. Methodology: Study participants were asthmatic or chronic obstructive disease (COPD) patients. Anthropometric and body composition parameters were measured and classified by Schols et al. Spirometric parameters were measured according the ATS/ERS guidelines of 2005. Results: A total of 39 patients were recruited in our study (18 asthmatics and 21 COPD patients). All patients had muscle depletion.Fat free mass (FFM), fat free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI)werelower in COPD patients. However, asthma patients were more obese while cachexia were more frequent in COPD patients. Semistarvation were found in all patients with Gold stage III and to a lesser extent in some patient of Gold stage II and IV.FVC and FEV1, expressed on percentage of predicted value,were positively correlated with FFMI and SMMI in COPD patients. Conclusion: Our patients had mild to moderate forms of their disease and their body composition may increase severity of CRD.
Body composition - Spirometry - Asthma – COPD.
Comparative Study of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Massage on Neck Pain
Neck pain is one of the most common problems. Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Massage are commonly used methods in the treatment of neck pain. The frequency of application of these methods affects the treatment results. At this point, we reported in our previous study that a single session of IASTM application had an acute effect on pain and joint position sense (Gercek et al., 2023). We have carefully reviewed the recent article by Pritty et al. (Prity et al., 2024) and would like to offer some comments, particularly regarding the program duration presented in Table 1. While the reference to our study in the article states a 6-week program duration (Gercek et al., 2023), our study examined the acute effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) in individuals with chronic neck pain. Furthermore, in addition to Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as an outcome measure, we also assessed joint position errors using the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device. These misunderstandings and omissions must be taken into account, as it is important to ensure the correct flow of information and clarity about the scope of the research.
Serum Adiponectin Variation And Its Relationships With Certain Markers Of Cardiovascular And Metabolic Risk In Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction : adiponectin seems to participate in the pathophysiology of comorbidities associated with obesity such as type 2 diabetes. Thus, we propose to determine the correlation of serum adiponectin to clinico-biological parameters in type 2 diabetes. Methodology : this is a case-control study with a bio-anthropometric and a biochemical examination in all participants. The arterial stiffness and the endothelial dysfunction were evaluated. Serum adiponectin and nitric oxide levels were measured by the ELISA sandwich test. Results : serum adiponectin was significantly lower in type 2 diabetic subjects (p<0.0001). In the control group, serum adiponectin was correlated positively with HDL cholesterol (r=0.279 p=0.005) and negatively with body mass index (r=-0.339 p=0.001), waist-hip ratio (r=-0.290 p=0.004), visceral fat level (r=-0.246 p=0.014), glycated hemoglobin (r=-0.215 p=0.004), insulin resistance index (r=-0.391 p<0.0001), apolipoprotein B–apolipoprotein A ratio (r=-0.226 p=0.024) and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (r=-0.199 p=0.047). In the diabetic group, serum adiponectin was correlated positively with HDL cholesterol (r=0.331 p=0.001) and fingers-toes pulse wave velocity (r=0.228 p=0.024), and negatively with heart rate (r=-0.224 p=0.027), reactive hyperhemic index (r=-0.364 p=0.126), total cholesterol (r=-0.212 p=0.034), and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol (r=-0.223 p=0.026). Conclusion : serum adiponectin decreases with obesity. It would protect against insulin resistance and cardiovascular dysfunction during type 2 diabetes.
adiponectin, obesity, type 2 diabetes, vascular dysfunction.
Influence of Bust Size and Waist Circumference on Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Voltage Index in Blacks Africans
Background: Several studies have investigated on relationship between anthropometric characteristics and electrocardiographic left ventricular mass (LVM). These studies, performed mainly in Caucasians, have mostly focused on influence of body mass index on left ventricular voltage indices (LVVI), and rarely on bust size and/ or waist circumference. Aim: To determine influence of bust size and waist circumference on LVVI in healthy sedentary people of black African origin. Method: Experimental, prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study including 66 volunteers (20 women) aged 18 to 35 years. They were received in morning on empty stomach. Bust size and waist circumference were measured with tape measure. Standard electrocardiogram was performed at rest. R and S wave amplitude and QRS complex duration were measured. Sokolow-Lyon, R in aVL, Cornell and Cornell product indexes were calculated. Correlation was sought between each LVVI and anthropometric characteristics studied. Results: Bust size and waist circumference were positively correlated with LVVI. Correlation with bust size was statistically significant for all LVVI except for R in aVL index, while for waist circumference it was only significant with R in aVL index. Conclusion: This study confirms relationship between anthropometric characteristics and LVVI. Therefore, interpretation of LVM anomalies from LVVI should also take into consideration morphotype of each individual.
bust size, waist circumference, resting electrocardiogram, left ventricular voltage index.
Study of Parasympathetic Activity in Newly Diagnosed Patients of Moderate Depression Using High Frequency of HRV
Introduction: - Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a noninvasive technique to measure parasympathetic activities of heart. In this study, we measured the Parasympathetic activity in newly diagnosed patients of moderate depression by High Frequency (HF) parameter of HRV. Depression is the leading cause of mental disability and by the year 2020, depression is projected to reach 2nd place of the ranking of disease disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Objective: Parasympathetic activity in newly diagnosed patients of moderate depression. Method:- this study was planned on 40 newly diagnosed male patients of moderate depression according to ICD-10 (the international classification of diseases-10) taken from department of Psychiatry PGIMS Rohtak and 40 healthy males subjects of same age group. High Frequency (HF) parameter of HRV was recorded by using RMS polyrite machine. Result: - The HF (ms 2 ) component in frequency domain of HRV in patients of moderate depression in group II (166.55±41.48) compared to normal subject in group I (179.48±41.68) which reduced but not significantly. The HF expressed in normalized unit (HFnu) and group II (35.30±12.58) were compared to Group I (38.74±1276) and (Table 5) which reduced but not significantly. And HF expressed in power percent (HFpp) and values of group II (18.83±5.04) were compared to the Group I (20.58±5.02), the reduction was not significant. Conclusion:-We found that Parasympathetic activity was not reduced significantly in patients of moderate depression. So the parasympathetic activity is not a problem to cause cardiac disease in patients of moderate depression.
The Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Tetrapleuratetraptera (Uyayak) on Pain Sensitivity of Female Wistar Rats
Background: In African traditional medicine, the dried pods of Tetrapleura tetraptera are frequently used to manage different human ailments. In Nigeria, it is consumed in soups after childbirth to aid in wound healing, pain relief, uterine recovery, and lactation. The study investigates the impact of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit extract on pain sensitivity using Wistar rats. Methods: Twelve female Wistar rats were divided into two groups (Group 1 - Control and Group 2 -100mg/ kg Tetrapleura tetraptera extract-fed) and received standard rat chow and water for fourteen days following which pain sensitivity was assessed using a hot plate. The results were presented as Mean and Independent Student T-test was utilized for statistical analysis with significance determined at P≤0.05. Increased pain tolerance indicated reduced sensitivity. The escape latencies of both groups were 5secs and 10secs respectively. Group 2 demonstrated a noteworthy increase in pain tolerance compared to Group 1 (P < 0.05). analgesic This experimental study indicates that the ethanoic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has properties. Conclusion: The result of this study provides support for the use of dried Tetrapleura tetraptera pods in pain management across some communities in Southern Nigeria.
Pain Sensitivity, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Hot plate test
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Xylopiaaethiopica (UDA) on Pain Sensitivity of Female Wistar Rats
Background: In African traditional medicine, the dried pods of Xylopia aethiopica are frequently used to manage different human ailments. In Nigeria, it is consumed in soups after childbirth to aid in wound healing, pain relief, uterine recovery, and lactation. The study investigates the impact of Xylopia aethiopicafruit extract on pain sensitivity using Wistar rats. Methods: Twelve female Wistar rats were divided into two groups (Group 1 - Control and Group 2 -100mg/kg Xylopia aethiopicaextract-fed) and received standard rat chow and water for fourteen days following which pain sensitivity was assessed using a hot plate. The results were presented as Mean and Independent Student T-test was utilized for statistical analysis with significance determined at P≤0.05. Increased pain tolerance indicated reduced sensitivity. The escape latencies of both groups were 5secs and 8 secs respectively. Group 2 demonstrated a noteworthy increase in pain tolerance compared to Group 1 (P = 0.003). This experimental study indicates that the ethanoic extract of Xylopia aethiopicafruit has analgesic properties. Conclusion: The result of this study provides support for the use of dried Xylopia aethiopicapods in pain management across some communities in Southern Nigeria.
Pain Sensitivity, Xylopia aethiopica, Hot plate test.
Objective: This review article aims to compare and analyse the effect of Instrument Assisted soft tissue mobilization and massage on neck pain. Methods: This review analysed two databases i.e. (PubMed, google scholar), and extracted the studies of neck pain. Article published in the English language were included in the studies from 2016 to 2023. 10 studies were included in this review. Outcome measures used neck pain intensity, and neck disability, and secondary outcomes measure were quality of life (QOL), neck range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale(VAS). Result: Ten studies on 328 patients with neck pain comparing IASTM with Massage were included. Finding of the studies demonstrated that both IASTM and massage treatment were efficient in lowering neck discomfort and enhancing neck range of motion. IASTM showed significant improvement as compared to massage treatment in terms of minimising discomfort and enhancing neck mobility.(p=0.05, p=0.001) Conclusion: It can be inferred from the comparative study of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilisation (IASTM) and massage on neck pain that both treatments are efficient in easing discomfort and enhancing range of motion in sufferers of neck pain. IASTM was significant to massage in terms of relieving pain and enhancing neck mobility. But it’s crucial to remember that each intervention has its own distinct advantages and could be a better choice for some people depending on their requirements and preferences.
Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilisation (IASTM) , Massage, chronic neck pain , Myofascial pain of neck.
Evaluation of Masticatory Function of Senegalese Patients for Removable Partial Dentures Wearers with Distal Extension Edentulism
Background/Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the masticatory function of subjects wearing a metal partial denture restoring Kennedy’s class I and II edentulism and to compare them with a control group. Methods. The evaluation included 68 patients (33 wearers of removable partial metal denture restoring terminal edentulism and 35 dentate control subjects without appliances). Peanut and raw carrot were used as test foods. Video recordings were used to collect values for the number of chewing cycles and chewing times. After passing through the calibrated sieves, a “Mastica” input mask was used to record the average particle size of the chews (D50). Results. In the 33 subjects with removable partial denture (RPD), 82% of whom had Kennedy class I edentulism and 18% had class II edentulism. Among them, 54.5% were women and 45.5% were men. The age group 46-71 years was predominantly represented in this study with 75.7%. The subjects who had worn their prostheses for 6 months were in the majority with 57.57% of the population. Concerning the length of edentulism (LE), 42.4% had a small LE, 39.4% a medium LE and 18.2% a large LE For both test foods, the number of chewing cycles was twice as high with RDP wearers compared to the control subjects. For the duration of the sequence, subjects with RDP performed twice as long for the carrot and three times as long for the peanut to make the food suitable for swallowing. The average D50 of RDP subjects was similar to that of the control subjects, i.e. 1.90 mm ± 0.19 (D50 peanut control: 1.93 ± 0.5) and 1.74 mm ± 0.36 (D50 carrot control: 1.79 mm ± 0.44) for peanut and carrot respectively. Conclusion. This study revealed that subjects with RPD restoring distal extension edentulism had efficient compensatory chewing with a greater number and time of chewing sequences than randomly selected normodent subjects. The comparative analysis between the chewing kinetic parameters of the RPD wearers and control subjects was statistically significant.
Distal extension edentulism, Removable partial denture, Mastication, Masticatory muscle, Granulometry
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk among Carpenter Cabinetmakers in the Dakar Region: Study of Vascular Function and Heart Rate Variability
Background: Contemporary concerns recognize atmospheric air pollution as a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Notably, wood dust, colloquially known as sawdust, emerges as a source of air pollution. Our investigation sought to assess the impact of wood dust on the cardiovascular health of carpenters in the Dakar region. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed one hundred (100) carpenters in the Dakar region. A comprehensive questionnaire gathered data on socio-demographic features, professional experience, medical history, preventive measures, and lifestyle habits. Vascular function assessment involved determining finger-toe pulse wave velocity (ft-PWV) using a popmeter. Additionally, we screened for obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs (OALL). Heart rate variability measurement provided insights into the sympatho-vagal balance of nervous control over cardiac activity. Results: The average age in our population was 38 ±7.2 years, with a body mass index of 22.7 ±2.8 kg/m2. A majority (69%) worked an average of 10.2 hours per day for six days per week. Approximately 73% of the shops were observed to be enclosed. Respiratory and ocular symptoms were prevalent among participants. Analysis using the Pop meter revealed arterial stiffness (ft-PWV>10 m/s) in 3% of participants, and 11% exhibited arterial hypertension. OALL was present in 8% of participants. Furthermore, a positive correlation (P=0.003; r=0.581) between ft-PWVV and mean arterial pressure was noted. Data on cardiac variability indicated a substantial proportion of participants displaying decreased tone in the cardiac-parasympathetic nervous system in the supine position (94.73% had RMSSD values above norms). Notably, abnormal activation of the parasympathetic system (HF) and decreased sympathetic system activity (low values for HF, LF, and LF/HF compared with norms) were observed in the orthostatic position. Conclusion: Carpentry work in environments with elevated air pollution, potentially emanating from wood dust, poses inhalation risks for workers. The inhalation of wood dust appears linked to an increased risk and exacerbation of cardiovascular complications.
Air pollution, Wood dust, Cardiovascular system, Finger-to-eye pulse wave velocity, Heart rate variability
Effect of Smoking Cessation on Vascular Function by Measurement the Flow-Mediated Dilation: A Comparative Study
Smoking predisposes to endothelial dysfunction; however smoking cessation would have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on vascular function. Methods: This is a comparative, prospective, descriptive, and multicenter study, carried out between March 2018 and April 2021 at two Health Services of the National Gendarmerie and at the Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations of the Faculty of Medicine in Dakar, Senegal. The population included 45 consenting adult men, divided into 3 groups: active smokers, weaned smokers, and non-smokers. We assessed vascular function using the Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) technique, which consisted of measuring the diameter of the humeral artery at rest and then every 30 seconds after its occlusion. Results: Non-smokers showed better humeral artery dilation at T1 (30 seconds after occlusion release) with a higher mean FMD than the other 2 groups (p = 0.0007). In addition, FMD kinetics showed that control subjects as well as weaned subjects had better arterial compliance (p < 0.05) compared to active smokers. FMD1 values were positively correlated with smoking cessation duration (p = 0.0411; R2 = 0.3374). Conclusion: Our results showed that stopping smoking improves vascular function and thus constitutes a means of preventing cardiovascular diseases, hence the need to promote smoking cessation in Africa and more particularly in Senegal.
Smoking cessation, Vascular function, Flow mediated dilation, FMD cardiovascular risk.
Influence of Environment and Measurement Conditions on Blood Pressure During Self-Measurement Blood Pressure
Background: Effective blood pressure (BP) monitoring outside medical office requires that each patient have validated sphygmomanometer. Due to their relatively high expense, these sphygmomanometers remain little or not accessible in our working context. When self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) is prescribed in the office, most patients go to private pharmacies where BP measurements are influenced by environment and measurement conditions. Aim: To determine influence of environment and measurement conditions on BP during SMBP in healthy sedentary people in order to describe reality of practice of this method in our working context. Method: Prospective experimental transversal study including 174 volunteers (47 women), aged 18 to 25 years. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured by home SMBP according to international guidelines and by private “pharmacies SMBP”. Information on environment and conditions of BP measurement was collected on form by each subject. Means and standard deviations of SBP, DBP, and HR were calculated and compared from the measurements obtained. Results : The mean age of study population was 21.1±2 years (Table 1). Only 9.7% of pharmacy measurements were taken in quiet environment (Figure 1). In study population, SBP, DBP, and HR measured by home SMBP were significantly (p=0.00) higher than those measured by “pharmacies SMBP” (Table 2). However, no significant difference (p>0.5) was found between measurements obtained by home SMBP and those obtained by “ pharmacies SMBP “ in quiet environment (Table 3). All of the equipment used in pharmacies were validated electronic sphygmomanometers (Figure 2). Conclusion: The environment significantly influenced measurements performed in pharmacies. Compared to home SMBP, “private pharmacies SMBP” in our working context does not follow international guidelines and is therefore influenced by environment and measurement conditions.
blood pressure, blood pressure measurement environment and conditions, blood pressure self measurement.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Unleashing the Furry Beast: Exploring the Fascinating World of Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa
Hypertrichosis lanuginosa is a rare medical condition characterized by the excessive growth of fine, soft, and unpigmented hairs all over the body, particularly inA the forehead, cheeks, ears, and nose. It can be either congenital or acquired, with the acquired type being more commonly associated with underlying malignancy. Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa is a genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, with some cases exhibiting spontaneous mutations. The condition manifests as an overproduction of lanugo hairs, the fine and unpigmented hair that covers the body of a fetus. This type of hypertrichosis often leads to difficulties in daily life and can cause emotional distress due to its unusual appearance. Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa, on the other hand, often occurs in adults and is frequently associated with malignancy, particularly adenocarcinomas. The exact mechanism of hypertrichosis lanuginosa is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be due to the secretion of growth factors or hormones from cancer cells, which can stimulate the hair follicles to produce excessive amounts of hair. The diagnosis of hypertrichosis lanuginosa is mainly clinical, and a thorough physical examination is required. In cases where an underlying malignancy is suspected, further tests such as blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsy may be necessary. Treatment options for hypertrichosis lanuginosa are limited, and there is no definitive cure for the condition. Hair removal procedures such as laser therapy, electrolysis, and depilatory creams can provide temporary relief, but the hair usually grows back after some time. In cases of underlying malignancy, the treatment of the cancer may lead to the resolution of hypertrichosis lanuginosa. Overall, hypertrichosis lanuginosa is a rare medical condition that can occur either congenitally or acquired, and it is often associated with malignancy. The diagnosis of hypertrichosis lanuginosa can be challenging, and further testing may be required to identify any underlying malignancy. Although treatment options are limited, hair removal procedures and treating the underlying malignancy may provide temporary relief. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of hypertrichosis lanuginosa and develop more effective treatment options.
Acquired hypertrichosis lanugo-type, hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita, malignancy, paraneoplastic.
A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Care Measures on Pulmonary Functions among Petrol Pump Workers at Selected Petrol Pumps, Muzaffarnagar
Background: Petrol pumps in India instead of being self-serviced, employ workers, increasing the opportunity for ex-posture to petroleum vapors and vehicular exhaust. This causes various health problems, particularly within lungs. Material and methods: Quasi Experimental with time series design was used to conduct this study, non-Probability convenient was adopted to select the petrol pump workers. 50 petrol pump workers were selected in experimental group and 50 petrol pump workers were selected in control group. Result and findings: It is revealed that, FVC scores between the group (F=28.79, and p=0.001) and within the interventional group (F=61.80, and p=0.001) were statistically significant and in control group (F= 2.51, and p=0.11) were not statistically significant and FEV1 scores between the group (F=11.50, and p=0.001) and within the interventional group (F=58.17, and p=0.001) and within control group (F= 19.89, and p=0.001) were statistically significant. The findings indicated FVC and FEV1 among PPW, improved after the intervention. There was a significant association between selected demographic variables and pulmonary functions of PPW between the study and control group. Conclusion: The comparison of pre & post test scores on pulmonary functions of experimental and control group showed that, in the experimental group the post test scores were increased. It proved that the SCM on pulmonary functions was effective.
petrol fumes, pulmonary functions, Self-care measures, Petrol pump workers.
Study of Comparison of Anthropometric Parameters Among The Non-Obese, Overweight and Obese Subjects
ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is the biggest challenge in health management and public health problem in many countries since it is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is to ascertain which anthropometric measurements are better predictors of obesity. The main objective is to evaluate and compare the anthropometric parameters in non-obese, overweight, and obese subjects. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 82 subjects (male 36 and female 46) with the age group of 25 to 60 years recruited from the outpatient department of Medicine, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, South India. All the anthropometric data were collected. Statistical analysis and results: Statistical analyses were carried out by using SPSS. The analysis by T-test was used to compare the means between the groups for normally distributed variables. All the statistical tests were two-tailed, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Anthropometric parameters Height(Ht), Weight(Wt), Body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), hip circumference(HC),waist-hip ratio(WHR), and Blood pressure were significant(p-value < 0.05)among the overweight and obese subjects. Among the obese subjects, the body mass index was positively associated with weight, WC, and HC. Conclusion: In conclusion, the anthropometric markers, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and Blood pressure were independently associated with obesity in this study. Elevated BMI and Blood Pressure are significantly related to several cardiovascular risk factors.
Keywords: Obesity, Body mass index, Cardiovascular risk factors, Anthropometric parameters
A Study on Student’s Satisfaction With Online Course of First Year MBBS Students
ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was designed with an aim to investigate 1st-year medical students’ psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, with online education format, and its influence on academic motivation. Methods: A observational cross sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, India. The participants were asked to complete a pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire. A Google questionnaire was developed. A pilot test was given to 10 participants to test the validity of Google questionnaire. Then the Google questionnaire was mailed to the students and results were analysed. Results: A total of 90 students answered the questionnaire. Students were generally satisfied with the course (83.3%) and with technical aspects of online lectures, the positive feedback was from 62% to maximum of 75%. But they also pointed out that the weaknesses of online learning are the lack of interaction among students and difficulty in concentrating during online lectures. Conclusion: The inevitable transformation of medical education caused by CoVID-19 is still ongoing. E-learning provided us the needed mode to continue delivering the course in the need of the hour. However, hybrid model combining both modalities can achieve better results.
Keywords: Online education, Academic stress, covid-19, E-learning
Function of Directing in Performing Physical Restrain in Intensive Care Wards: A Phenomenological Study
The restraint to limit patient’s movements with psychomotor agitation is often performed in the intensive care wards. Hence, optimizing the directing function is considerably needed to implement safe restraints. However, performing restraints frequently lead to injuries to patients. This study explores nurses’ experiences performing physical restrain in intensive care wards. This study applied a descriptive phenomenological design, using in-depth interviews to collect data from eight key participant dan two associate participant. The key participant were nurse practisioner and team leader of nurse, the associate participant were head of nurse in intensive care wards in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The results of this study identified four themes: Socialization of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Restraint, optimization of supervision, lack of documentation, and improvement of nurse capacity development. The study findings show the problems in the decision-making process that needs to be considered by nurse managers to improve patient safety. It is recommended that nurse managers improve directing function and the nurse’s competency in delivering nursing services at intensive care wards, especially related to restraining procedures, as one of the efforts to improve patient safety and optimize the nursing outcomes.
Directing, hospital, nurse, physical restraint, qualitative study